In sprinkler irrigation the water is Basins range widely in size from only a few square feet (orchard crops) to a few hundred square feet. While it is still a common method of irrigation, it also requires an extraordinary amount of water, lacks in uniformity and is the most difficult to manage due to its dependence on soil properties and field topography. Surface irrigation also works best in soil with fine texture with medium to minimum infiltration rate. Hence, flow of water under surface irrigation comes under unsteady flow. Down there, the water really does get straight to where it's needed - the roots of the plant. Surface irrigation is one of the oldest irrigation techniques in the world and is still used the most out of all irrigation techniques across the globe. Types of Surface Irrigation Systems In Surface Irrigation, water is applied and distributed over the soil surface by the help of gravity. Surface Irrigation is an unchanged process and it is older than its recognition. Though initially expensive -- between $500 and $1000 per acre -- and not suitable for many areas, the economical advantages of drip irrigation can be further enhanced by placing the irrigation tubing about 5 inches (about 12.7 centimeters) below the surface. Common surface irrigation systems used are rill irrigation, furrow or border irrigation. Part 623 National Engineering Handbook Chapter 4 Surface Irrigation 4–iv (210–VI–NEH, September 2012) Table 4–1 General comparison of surface irrigation surface 4–10 methods Table 4–2 Average rooting depths selected crops in deep, 4–22 well-drained soils Today, this is still one of the most popular methods of crop irrigation. 15.1a). The application of irrigation water where the entire surface of the soil is covered by ponded water. With flood irrigation, the entire land area to be irrigated is covered with water. Surface Irrigation; This type of irrigation relies on gravity flow to distribute water. Flood Irrigation (also called surface irrigation) uses the soil surface to flow water down the field from high to low areas. Irrigation Methods Irrigation water may be applied to crops by flooding the field surface, by various irrigation systems to decide the merits and demerits of the potential alternates of irrigation system. Early humans would have used this "low-tech" method of irrigating crops -- collect water in a bucket and pour it onto the fields. Varied quantities of water are allowed on the fields at different times. Throughout the world, this is the most commonly used type of irrigation process. A flow is introduced at one edge of the field and covers the field gradually. It is the most commonly used irrigation methods and is well suited to mild slopes as well as regular slopes. The soil also con- veys and distributes the water over the field. Types of Surface Irrigation Systems Surface irrigation systems can be classified into three major types: basin, border, and furrow systems. The basin system consists of level, diked areas that re-ceive undirected flow of water (Figure 1). There may be no method of controlling water flow other than the topography of the land. As a result it is very difficult to understand the hydraulics of surface irrigation. Surface Irrigation: In this method water flows and spreads over the surface of the land. Surface Methods. Surface Irrigation is a kind of irrigation where gravity works its best. In surface irrigation the soil is the reservoir from which the plants draw the water they need. This is a tried and true method which could work for a variety of people in different growing situations and conditions. The term ‘surface irrigation’ refers to a broad class of irrigation methods in which water is distributed over the field by overland flow. 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