The above example is a very general description. Neural adaptation is the change in neuronal responses due to preceding stimulation of the cell. Myelin surrounding the axon of a neuron acts as an insulator. Neural adaptation or sensory adaptation is a gradual decrease over time in the responsiveness of the sensory system to a constant stimulus.It is usually experienced as a change in the stimulus. The neuron is the nerve cell. C.H. The main portion of the neuron is the cell body. Nerve cells transmit electrical impulses around the body. The nerves cells are rather long which enables communication with distant body parts. For example, if a hand is rested on a table, the table's surface is immediately felt against the skin. Etiology. Their job is to process information and maintain the nerve cell by producing proteins. STUDY. Cell bodies contain the nucleus and other cellular compartments. McCool, K.H. Fibers called dendrites transmit electrical impulses to the cell body, and axon fibers collect the impulses from the body and transmit them toward the next cell in the given neural pathway. Nerve cells are made of cell bodies, axons and dendrites. Nerve cell have very long axons which can take the message a very long way before passing it on to the next cell, this makes it quicker. Cells of the nervous system, called nerve cells or neurons, are specialized to carry "messages" through an electrochemical process.The human brain has approximately 86 billion neurons. Muscle Cell Function. The BBC reveals that both types of fibers reach a maximum length of one meter. Nerve cells have very long axons being they can deliver messages for a longer time before passing it on to the next cell, which makes this process significantly faster. Nerve Cell Many nerve cells are of the basic type illustrated above. Cell Injury , Cell Death, and Adaptations Ch1. Types of Neurons (Nerve Cells) The human body is made up of trillions of cells. Nerve Cell Adaptation. - Numerous dendrites to pass information to neighbouring nerve cells. (Approximately 12 billion neurons exist in the human body, the great majority of them in the brain and spinal cord.) To allow them to do this they have multiple adaptations: - A long axon to carry information over long distances. Their job is to carry information away from cell bodies. All nerve cells have a body and two kinds of fibers extending away from the body. PLAY. Because adaptation effects are often profound at both the neural and perceptual levels, it has been widely used as a tool to probe the neuronal signals underlying perception. The adaptations of a nerve cell are dendrites with receptor proteins, an axon, myelin, synaptic terminals and neurotransmitters. Protruding from the cell body are one or more short extensions called dendrites and one long extension called the axon. 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