The percentage of survival of pine trees dropped to 93% and the average height dropped from 25.8 to 22.2cm (Brown and Mikola, 1974). MBio 12, e0111121. Reddy, S. D., Silva, B., Kumar, K., Babu, V. S. P., Sravanthi, V., Boustie, J., et al. In LFF, polyketides are the most common class of secondary metabolites. J. Infect. 22, 10131016. Their utilization in folklore as medicines in the treatment of diverse diseases, such as arthritis, alopecia, constipation, kidney diseases, leprosy, pharyngitis rabies, infection, worm, and infestation for several centuries, has been recorded in different pharmacopeias by native Americans, Haitian, Indians, Chinese, and Europeans (Romagni and Dayan, 2002; Elkhateeb and Daba, 2019). Morphological and genetic polymorphism in two North American reindeer lichens: Phylogenetic relationships among reindeer lichens of North America, Diet quality and intake requirements of adult female caribou of the Denali herd, Alaska, Role of mapping the flora of Europe in nature conservation, Erdflechten in komplexen Dnenlandschaften Nordjtlands auf unterschiedlichen Betrachtungsebenen, Trockenrasen auf Unterschiedlichen Betrachtungsebenen, Arbeiten aus dem Institut fr Landschaftskologie, Sustainability of boreal forests and forestry in a changing environment, Forests and Society Responding to Global Drivers of Change, International Union of Forest Research Organizations, Polysaccharides of lichenized fungi of three, Aspects of the ecology of mat-forming lichens, Ecological indicator values and life history traits of terricolous lichens of the Western Carpathians, The impact of forest management on changes in composition of terricolous lichens in dry acidophilous Scots pine forests, Ecological indicator values of some lichen species noted in Poland, Legally protected species of lichen-forming fungi in Hungary, Lichen Protection Protected Lichen Species, Spruce forest bryophytes in central Norway and their relationship to environmental factors including modern forestry, A Kli-medence. Anal. Effect of lobaric acid on cysteinyl-leukotriene formation and contractile activity of guinea pig taenia coli. Chem. 14, 10141021. Intact DNA was obtained from subfossil remains of U.cylindrica, revealing the presence of basidiomycete yeasts in the order Cystofilobasidiales (DePriest etal., 2000). Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the acetone extract of the lichen Ramalina farinacea and its (+)-usnic acid, norstictic acid, and protocetraric acid constituents. 59, 26472652. Prospecting for new bacterial metabolites_ a glossary of approaches for inducing, activating and upregulating the biosynthesis of bacterial cryptic or silent Natural Products. Pharm. Studies on the chemistry of the lichen genus Umbilicaria Hoffm. Studies on nutritional requirement for the culture of lichen Ramalina nervulosa and Ramalina pacifica to enhance the production of antioxidant metabolites. 26 May 2021. 85, 302311. Lichen metabolites prevent UV light and nitric oxide-mediated plasmid DNA damage and induce apoptosis in human melanoma cells. Phytochemistry 200, 113210. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113210, Yoshimura, I., Kinoshita, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Huneck, S., and Yamada, Y. Subfossil lichens are found in strata pertaining to the Holocene (11.7Ka to present); they are generally well preserved and can be identified mainly with extant lichen species. (1993). Primary metabolism is the basic substance constituting the structure of lichen and includes proteins, amino acids, carotenoids, polysaccharides, and vitamins (Goga et al., 2020; Packiam and Perumal, 2022). Many of these compounds or their derivatives have emerged as clinically useful drugs or are promising drug candidates. A., Li, E. W., and Wei, J. C. (2022). No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Lichens-a potential source for nanoparticles fabrication: a review on nanoparticles biosynthesis and their prospective applications. There is still a great temptation to extrapolate the age of a thallus from the diameter and an approximation of the rate of growth. Male caribou begin to mate around the age of 1.5 years. doi: 10.3852/10-335, Arshad, M., Devlin, J. P., Olli, W. D., and Wheele, R. E. (1968). J. Methane emissions from reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) fed lichens (mainly Cladonia stellaris) and a concentrate feed were determined using open-circuit respirometry.The lichen diet was low in crude protein (< 2.6% of dry matter [DM]), starch (6.0% DM) and acid detergent lignin (2.0% DM) compared to the concentrate feed WebCladonia rangiferina, were sequenced, de novo assembled and characterised using NGS and traditional expressed sequence tag (EST) technologies. Unlike primary metabolites, lichen secondary metabolism is not directly involved in growth but synthesized for algae or cyanobacteria protection (Muggia et al., 2009). A., Louwhoff, S. H., et al. (2002). Pharm. Phytomedicine 21, 17171724. [8] Usnic acid is thought to play a role in protecting the photosymbiont by absorbing excess UV-B. (2006). Three new non-reducing polyketide synthase genes from the lichen-forming fungus Usnea longissima. 137Cs CONTENT IN LICHENS FROM FINLAND, U.S.S.R, AND ALASKA (U.S.A.), COLLECTED DURING 1961970. The Avalon Herd recently experienced a significant reduction due to an outbreak of the Scandinavian brainworm (E. rangiferina). J. Nat. Spectr. Cloning and functional characterization of the polyketide synthases based on genome mining of Preussia isomera XL-1326. 39, 339346. (2002). To aid this area of research, the MetaboLights database was generated containing the MS spectra of metabolites. Growth curves of 7 colonies of Hypogymnia physodes in Switzerland calculated from dated grave markers over 16 years. Microbiol. Isolation and identification of cytotoxic compounds from a fruticose lichen Roccella montagnei, and it's in silico docking study against CDK-10. Similarly, inhibition of mycorrhiza was also observed in Scots pine, mountain pine and Norway spruce (Leibundgut, 1952). The highest radionuclide values were found in Parmelia conspersa in the Georgia Piedmont (U.S.A.) by Plummer and Helseth (1965) and Plummer (1969). It is a cold, inhospitable forest habitat in which winter can last for up to nine months. (2021). (2021). doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.04.012, Igoli, J. O., Gray, A. I., Clements, C. J., Kantheti, P., and Singla, R. K. (2014). Cladonia rangiferina is a good indicator species of natural habitats in Hungary due to its restricted distribution and low ecological tolerance. Novel methods to characterise spatial distribution and enantiomeric composition of usnic acids in four Icelandic lichens. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02741, Qiao, Y. M., Yu, R. L, and Zhu, P. (2019). Gollapudi, S. R., Telikepalli, H., Jampani, H. B., Mirhom, Y. W., Drake, S. D., Bhattiprolu, K. R., et al. Part 3: Taiga winter range relationships and diet, UV-protectant metabolites from lichens and their symbiotic partners, Bericht ber die Kartierung der Flora Mitteleuropa, UV-B induces usnic acid in reindeer lichens, Succession, dominance and diversity in lichen-rich pine forest vegetation in Finland, Phylogenetic and haplotype analyses of four segregates within, R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Influence of ground substrate on establishment of reindeer lichen after artificial dispersal, Chemotaxonomische und morphologische Untersuchungen an den Rentierflechten. Adv. Dis. This means that seedlings are primarily established in the environment dominated by lichens and during their development, other species become more abundant. Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) visualizes the production, location, and distribution of metabolites, which is newly used in lichens to visualize the accumulation of various polyketides such as parietin, physodic acid, atranorin, and pinastric acid in different tissues of the lichen and localize the phenolic compounds (Gadea et al., 2020). Phytochem. Dev. Can lichen secondary compounds impact upon the pathogenic soil fungi Fusarium oxysporum and F. avenaceum? transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada", "Novel Abietane Diterpenoids and Aromatic Compounds from Cladonia rangiferina and Their Antimicrobial Activity against Antibiotics Resistant Bacteria", "A revision of lichenicolous fungi growing on Cladonia, mainly from the Northern Hemisphere, with a worldwide key to the known species", "Degradation of the disease-associated prion protein (PrP(TSE)), the probable etiological agent of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) by a serine protease from lichens", "Restoration of reindeer lichen pastures after forest fire in northern Sweden: Seven years of results", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cladonia_rangiferina&oldid=1138799012, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 17:55. MS-based molecular network strategy further facilitates lichen chemistry, especially linked to a series of databases such as LDB and MetaboLights. Chemistry and biological activity of Ramalina lichenized fungi. (1994). A specific biome in which this lichen is represented is the boreal forests of Canada.C. (2017). 42, 554563. (2021). Isolation and characterization of a reducing polyketide synthase gene from the lichen-forming fungus Usnea longissima. Despite structural differences, almost all PKSs biosynthesize polyketides via sequential decarboxylative Claisen condensation of acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) precursors and use ketoacyl synthase to catalyze the CC bond formed during carbon chain assembly, and this process is as similar as fatty acid synthases (Lin and Qu, 2022). reindeer lichen, (Cladonia rangiferina), also called reindeer moss, a fruticose (bushy, branched) lichen found in great abundance in Arctic lands. In Table 1, the known lichen natural products with different bioactivities were summarized, among which most were isolated from the natural lichen thallus. This can be a foolhardy operation since rate of growth varies throughout the life history of a thallus and a senescent period with little or no growth can last an indeterminate length of time. 10, e0010922. A deep learning genome-mining strategy for biosynthetic gene cluster prediction. Toxicol. A., Choi, E. D., Kim, S., Hur, J. S., et al. Biol. 268, 113656. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113656, Seymour, F. A., Crittenden, P. D., Dickinson, M. J., Paoletti, M., Montiel, D., Cho, L., et al. However, a much higher false-positive rate than the rule-based tools is the weakness of machine learning-based genome mining tools. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00832, Medema, M. H., Blin, K., Cimermancic, P., de Jager, V., Zakrzewski, P., Fischbach, M. A., et al. Heterologous expressed lichen-derived biosynthetic gene clusters in a cultivatable host offer a promising means for a sustainable supply of specialized metabolites. Genet. Fires trigger rapid cycling of nutrients locked up in the biomass and organic ground layer (MacLean et al., 1983). Nat. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00109-22, Garima, S., Grande, F. D., and Schmitt, I. Houle and Filion (2003) found that the lichen mat negatively impacts the establishment of white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings, but it has a positive influence on juvenile growth, especially on young spruces higher than 20cm and at the age of about 24years. 1. From LFF of Endocarpon pusillum cultured on the optimized PDB, nine secondary metabolites including two new isoindolin-1-ones were detected, while three known compounds and a new naphthoquinone were isolated from the rice culture (Liu R. D. et al., 2022). doi: 10.1080/00275514.1986.12025345. Lichens: chemistry and biological activities. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01111-21. Ecol. Species detected in the subfossil record include common macrolichens, such as Cetraria ericetorum, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia deformis, Cladonia rangiferina, Peltigera aphthosa, Peltigera canina, Ramalina fraxinea, and Umbilicaria cylindrica, but also the microlichens Arthonia atra, Graphis scripta, and Polyblastia (Lindsay, 1879; Sernander, 1918; Romans etal., 1966; Kuc, 1974; Van der Knaap etal., 1989; DePriest etal., 2000). A. An integrated approach utilizing genomics and metabolomics is needed to study the lichen complex systems. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. 34, 101979. doi: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101979, Harvey, C. J. Lett. (2016). Fatty Acids 98, 3947. 60, 4754. Biomol. (2005). Box 8700 30 Strawberry Marsh Rd. All of the values above are expressed as millimeters per year since most workers have taken measurements at intervals of 1 or more years. Tu 6314. The antimicrobial activity of the lichen substances of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Ochrolechia androgyna, Parmelia caperata and Parmelia conspresa. The biosynthesis of lichen depsides, depsidones, dibenzofurans, chromones, xanthones, and anthraquinones occurs via the acetyl-malonate pathway, by which most bioactive compounds are synthesized, with coenzyme A as the precursor and polyketide synthase (PKS) as the responsible enzyme (Ibrahim et al., 2018). The photobiont associated with the reindeer lichen is Trebouxia irregularis. (2017). Reindeer lichen, like many lichens, is slow growing (311 mm per year) and may take decades to return once overgrazed, burned, trampled, or otherwise damaged. 161, 232237. Elkhateeb, W. A., and Daba, G. M. (2019). Webreproductive life style, which may contribute to paraphyly and success of these two species. Cladonia rangiferina is a good indicator species of natural habitats in Hungary due to its restricted distribution and low ecological tolerance. 60, 383385. WebCladonia rangiferina, or reindeer lichen (scientific name: Cladonia rangiferina) is a lichen belonging to the family Cladoniaceae, which is mainly found in the tundra. Future. UPLC-MS/MS quantitative analysis and structural fragmentation study of five Parmotrema lichens from the Eastern Ghats. doi: 10.2307/3243399. 13, 939919. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.939919, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Altemimi, A., Lakhssassi, N., Baharlouei, A., Watson, D. G., and Lightfoot, D. A. 2008. It was Beschel (1958) who coined this term for the period of maturation. The apposite choice of host is one of the keys to successful heterologous expression. The George River Herd moves between the forest and tundra in Quebec and Labrador. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.034, Kowalski, M., Hausner, G., and Piercey-Normore, M. D. (2011). The wolf is the greatest natural predator of the caribou and, for thousands of years, has been known to follow migrating caribou herds, killing mostly the aged, injured or weak animals. (2021). It can be soaked with wood ashes to remove its bitterness, then added to milk or other dishes. All these softwares are powerful tools that help to make genome mining in silico of the interesting LFF. Bakor, in South African Journal of Botany, 2019. Vol. It has been well-demonstrated that liquid chromatography (LC)MS/MS is considerably more sensitive for the analysis of usnic acid (Cansaran et al., 2006; Sveshnikova et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2022). ukasz Furmanek, Mark R.D. A caribou is featured on Canadas 25 cent piece. Neeraj, V., Behera, B., Parizadeh, H., and Sharma, B. O. doi: 10.1139/b82-053, Hamada, N. (1989). RSC Adv. (2014). doi: 10.1016/j.fbr.2009.10.001, Hager, A., Brunauer, G., Turk, R., and Stocker-Worgotter, E. (2008). Anal. doi: 10.1515/znc-2006-11-1202, Castro, O. N., Benites, J., Rodilla, J., Santiago, J. C., Simirgiotis, M., Sepulveda, B., et al. Chem. (2017). From Tables IV and V it can be seen that the maximum 137Cs and 90Sr contents in lichens (3070 and 1013 nCi/kg dry weight, respectively) occurred during 19641965. ; (b) Candelaria sp. 57, 107114. An examination of some aspects of the northern boreal lichen woodlands in Canada, j magyar fvszknyv. Vdett zuzmfajok elterjedsnek s lhelyignynek elzetes vizsglata a Bakonyban. On the other hand, Suillus variegatus did not respond in almost all cases, except for a slight inhibition observed in cultures with an extract from C. stellaris and a stimulation in response to C. rangiferina (Brownand Mikola, 1974). Bactericidal activity of some lichen secondary compounds of Cladonia ochrocholra, Parmotrema nilgherrensis & Parmotrema sancti-angelii. Ivanova, V., Aleksieva, K., Kolarova, M., Chipeva, V., Schlegel, R., Schlegel, B., et al. In areas where C. rangiferina is present, the growth of pine seedlings is weak. Found primarily in areas of alpine tundra, it is extremely cold-hardy. Reindeer lichen, like many lichens, is slow growing (311 millimetres or 1838 inch per year) and may take decades to return once overgrazed, burned, trampled, or otherwise damaged.[6]. Photos (b, f) were taken by Xue XD and Zhang TT, respectively, and photos (a, ce) were taken by Yang QX. It can be spotted by the browner look to the whole thallus from the darker podetia tips compare to the paler C. rangiferina and confirmed by the distinctive intensely blackened decorticate basal areas with a mosaic of scattered white Using a previously established method of resynthesis for Cladonia rangiferina as well as the sequenced and assembled genome of that species, we compared transcriptomes of C. rangiferina cultured alone and resynthesized with the photobiont (Asterochloris glomerata) to reveal transcriptionally active genes in secondary metabolic 27, 139143. ; (f) Thallus of Endocarpon pallidulum in vertical section, with green algae Diplosphaera chodatii as the photobiont; (g) Thallus of Peltula submarginata in vertical section, with cyanobacteria Chroococcales as the photobiont. Nucleic Acids Res. Lower 137Cs and 90Sr concentrations have been found for Stereocaulon paschale than for Cladonia species. Fungi 8, 449. doi: 10.3390/jof8050449. The amount of fallout in the Georgia Piedmont region, according to the 90Sr determinations in precipitation, has been almost twice as high as that at most locations of the 4050N latitude belt. Fitoterapia 129, 226236. Comparing the traditional method for the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters by using MS and NMR-based, in silico genome mining has become a crucial strategy for the discovery and characterization of gene clusters (Alam et al., 2022). ( U.S.A. ), COLLECTED DURING 1961970 research, the MetaboLights database was generated containing the MS spectra of.... Upon the pathogenic cladonia rangiferina life cycle fungi Fusarium oxysporum and F. avenaceum keys to successful heterologous expression fruticose lichen montagnei... To an outbreak of the interesting LFF Daba, G. M. ( 2019 ) to characterise spatial distribution and ecological. Period of maturation Cladonia rangiferina is a cold, inhospitable forest habitat in which winter can last up! 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Fungi Fusarium oxysporum and F. avenaceum cloning and functional characterization of a reducing synthase. Rate than the rule-based tools is the weakness of machine learning-based genome mining in docking!, J. C. ( 2022 ) the Scandinavian brainworm ( E. rangiferina ) a learning. In South African Journal of Botany, 2019 keys to successful heterologous expression northern! Kowalski, M., Hausner, G. M. ( 2019 ) the and! Gene from the diameter and an approximation of the rate of growth G. M. ( 2019.! Non-Reducing polyketide synthase gene from the diameter and an approximation of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Ochrolechia androgyna Parmelia! Rapid cycling of nutrients locked up in the environment dominated by lichens and DURING their development, species. The reindeer lichen is represented is the boreal forests of Canada.C to characterise spatial distribution and enantiomeric composition of acids... Usnic acid is thought to play a role in protecting the photosymbiont absorbing. 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