cit. Historian Nicholas Cheetham writes of the exaggeratedly Negroid features of the stone heads.20 Finally, another scholar, Floyd Hayes, has provided the following thought provoking assessment of the racial significance of the colossal stone heads: One might merely ask himself: if Africans were not present in the Americas before Columbus, why the typically African physiognomy on the monuments? 3 examine factors that can contribute to early resilience. To order the pamphlet, visit heydaybooks.com. In September 1513, Vasco Nunez de Balboa led his men down the slopes of Quarequa, which was near Darien, now called Panama, where they saw several Black men, who were captured by native Americans. The name Olmec means Dweller in the land of Rubber and could technically be applied to anyone who lived in the jungle areas of the Mexican Gulf Coast in antiquity. In truth, Africans began coming to the Americas thousands of years before Columbus; and the evidence of their presence, though systematically ignored by mainstream scholars, is overwhelming and undeniable. Even among the Maya, where Dr. Hammond has found 2000 B.C. In 1311 AD, another major wave of African exploration to the New World was led by King Abubakari II, the ruler of the fourteenth century Mali Empire, which was larger than the Holy Roman Empire. Despite its great size, the workmanship is delicate and sure, its proportions perfect The features are bold and, Another authority, Selden Rodman speaks of the colossal Negroid heads. Mayan and African oral traditions speak of pre-Columbian expeditions across the Atlantic from east to west; Who, then, were the Africans who sailed to America in antiquity? numerous successful modern attempts have illustrated that without an oar, rudder or sail ancient African boats, including the dug-out, would certainly have been able to cross the vast ocean in a matter of weeks. Author David Imhotep cites a number of scientists and scholars who have identified prehistoric skulls and skeletons of Black people of the Austro-Negrito type, dating back to as early as 56,000 years ago, throughout the New World. The Ancient Ancestors of Egypt and West Africa traveled to This high culture is now known as the Olmec civilization. Tellingly, all of these pyramids also served the same dual purpose, tomb and temple. A PRELIMINARY GLOBAL AFRICAN PRESENCE BOOK LIST Compiled and posted by RUNOKO RASHIDI ***DEDICATED TO DR. JOHN HENRIK CLARKE (1915-1998)*** Akbar, Na'im. Van Sertima, Egypto-Nubian Presences in Ancient Mexico, p.70. Are you ready to meet us and our scholars in the public so that the world may see who is a liar and who is telling the truth? A clear indicator of pre-Columbus African trans-Atlantic travel is the recent archeological findings of narcotics native to America in Ancient Egyptian mummies, which have astounded contemporary historians. Jairazbhoy believes that the earliest settlers were ancient Egyptians led by King Ramesis III, during the nineteenth dynasty. Islam in the African-American Experience Second Edition Marquez, adds that [s]everal isolated but concordant facts permit the conjecture that before the formation and development of the three great ethnographic groupsa great part of Amcerica was occupied by [the] Negroid type.12. The African Presence in Ancient America: Evidence from Physical Anthropology, in African Presence in Early America. An overwhelming body of new evidence is emerging which proves that Africans had frequently sailed across the Atlantic to the Americas, thousands of years before Columbus and indeed before Christ. WHEAT David. Although eyewitness accounts of early European explorers may be the best evidence of an African presence in the New World that preceded Columbus, it is certainly not the only evidence. 3 0 obj New York: Touchstone Books. ).30, The name Olmec means Dweller in the land of Rubber and could technically be applied to anyone who lived in the jungle areas of the Mexican Gulf Coast in antiquity.31 For centuries the indigenous people there created and perpetuated a local culture that varied little from its surroundings. For, whether we accept the facts or not, Jairazbhoy appears to have been right when he wrote: The black began his career in America not as slave but as master.48. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. early Aztecs, were profoundly influenced by Abu Bakari and his agents in the areas of technology, economics, religion, and the arts. Melgars mind, wrote art historian Alexander von Wuthenau, not yet tainted by certain currents of modern (and perhaps not so modern) anthropology, reacted quite normally to this newly found evidence of [the] black mans presence in ancient America. African Presence in Early America. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Muffett, p 155-163. Black History, American History. This book was released on 2003-09-23 with total page 358 pages. In 1994 the Smithsonian published his address in Race, Discourse and the Origin of the Americas: A New World View of 1492. Book excerpt: Examines cultural analogies between Native Americans and Africans, offering evidence of the presence of African explorers in the New World centuries before the arrival of Columbus. She is also W.E.B. 1-2) Ivan Van Sertima. The African and Muslim Discovery of America Before But, in the words of Van Sertima, proof of contact is only half of the story. A bird with a human head also appears in a relief from Izapa, Mexico; Jairazbhoy also shows remarkable similarities between several gods in the Egyptian underworld and those of Olmec Mexico. Publication date 1992 Topics Blacks . The same is true for studies of the African diaspora, but that does not mean that African migration lacks significance in either field. Clearly, Africans helped civilize America well before Europeans discovered America, and well before Europeans claim to have civilized Africa. Privateering, colonial expansion and the African presence in Early Anglo-Dutch Settlements 2. The earliest people in the Americas were people of the Negritic African race, who entered the Americas perhaps as early as 100,000 years ago, by way of the bering straight and about thirty thousand years ago in a worldwide maritime undertaking that included journeys from the then wet and lake filled Sahara towards the Indian Ocean and the The book is divided into six parts: The First Europeans: African Presence in the Ancient Mediterranean Isles and Mainland Greece; Africans in the European Religious Hierarchy (madonnas, saints and popes); African Presence in Western Europe; African Presence in Northern Europe; African Presence in Eastern Europe. to the African continent and its inhabitants, reinforced by Renaissance ideas and conditions. In light of the vast evidence available (far more, for example, than that of the Vikings) of an African presence in ancient America, why is this information virtually unknown to the general public? The Centre for Research on Globalization will not be responsible for any inaccurate or incorrect statement in this article. Why would native Americans venerate images so unmistakably African if they had never seen them before? Early American Scans NetSuite, highlighting the economic and social forces most able to explain the presence or the absence of slave trading in different regions of the world. Sadly, America, in post-Columbus times, was founded on the genocide of the indigenous Americans, built on the backs of African slaves and continues to run on the exploitation of workers at home and abroad. What is the significance of this meeting of Africans and Native Americans? African American history began with slavery, as white European settlers first brought Africans to the continent to serve as enslaved workers. This volume presents what is presently known about the links between Africa and America before the age of Columbus. 1995. Price As in Darien, these Africans were also captives of war among the native Americans. Abstract The recent discovery of inscribed pottery in South India indicate that the history of writing among the Dravidian people did not begin with the introduction of Brahmi writing to South India. South American cocaine from Erythroxylon coca and nicotine from Nicotiana tabacum. The Olmec an African Presence in Early America How central the role was that African Americans played has never been completely told and, unfortunately, a pivotal part of that history has been excluded from this exhibit. We cannot of course reproach the author with what he could not know in 1976. zoz Bernard Ortiz de Montellano, Gabriel Haslip-Viera, and Warren Barbour . Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Other indicators include, astronomy, art, writing systems, flora and fauna. Ancient trans-Atlantic similarities in botany, religion and pyramid building constitute but a fraction of the signs of African influence in ancient America. Scopri il pi grande eBookstore del mondo e inizia a leggere oggi stesso su Web, tablet, telefono o eReader. Revised Edition II, 2018. I have never claimed, writes Van Sertima, that Africans created or founded the Olmec civilizationThey left a significant influence upon itand that is more than can be said of any other Old World group visiting the native American or emigrating to the continent before Columbus., A study of the Olmec civilization reveals elements that are remarkably similar to the ritual traits and techniques in the Egypto-Nubian world of the same period. Muslims first came to North America in the 1500s as part of colonial expeditions. Everybody has to become aware of this revision of history. These substances are known to only be derived from American plants. Wars, civil unrest and the dynamics of enslavement in West Central Africa, 1607-60 4. 14 day loan required to access EPUB and PDF files. File, Mesoamerica was yet another world location for the emergence of an early civilization, but Mesoamerican societies were not necessarily connected to a single famous river (like the Nile) as the other early civilizations were, though there were plenty of rivers in the New World. Examining navigation and shipbuilding; cultural analogies between Native Americans and Africans; the . The original source of this article is Global Research. This also holds true for large sections of Mesoamerica and far into South America Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru22 For years the Diego Rivera Museum of Mexico housed the Alexander von Wuthenau Collection of remarkable figurines depicting Black priests, chiefs, dancers, wrestlers, drummers, and others across the social spectrum. He could not know Gobekli Tepe, the surrounding settlements, the Natufian villages, etc., all going back to 12,000 years BC which is more than 6,000 or 7,000 years before the Egyptian civilization and 9,000 before the invention of the first known writing system in the Middle East, the Sumerian writing system too often identified as the Akkadian cuneiform writing system because the scribes were Akkadian speaking a Semitic language though the language was Sumerian, a synthetic-analytical language, probably post-agglutinative. Tutti i risultati di Google Ricerca Libri » African Presence in Early America, Volume 8,Edizione 2. N . or Were the ancient Turks, Akkads (Sumerians) and Dravidians (Tamils) the parents of Mexico and Meso-America, Magicians of the Gods by Graham Hancock (2015), Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs, ANCIENT INDIAN RELIGION CHAPTER 4 PART 4 ANCIENT INDIA APN, The Dragon and the Serpent: Quetzalcoatl, the Lng of China and the Serpent of Wisdom, Extended-Plasma-Electromagnetic Cosmology (EPEMC, Afrocentric World Black Greeks Ancient Libyco-Berber Writing More Information on the Afrocentric World, Olmec (Mande) Loan Words in the Mayan, Mixe-Zoque and Taino Languages. Ivan Van Sertima. Ivan Van Sertima. In this summary, however, we are confining ourselves to a particular geographic region (the Gulf of Mexico), a particular culture complex or civilization (known as Olmecs), and a particular period of history (948-680 B.C. and the endobj www.globalresearch.ca contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. To solve the most common PDF-display issues, follow the steps in Troubleshoot viewing PDF files on the web. Tottenham. The most striking similarities between the two cultures are seen in the magnificent stone structures that have been found on both sides of the Atlantic. CIIS Library Database. A similar sculpture has been discovered at the Olmec site of Portrero Nuevo. endobj endobj What cultural impact did the outsiders have on American civilization?29 It would appear that the impact of the African explorers on the New World as a whole was widespread, profound and enduring. All these religious similarities are too large and occur far too often to be mere coincidences. Out of Stock. Villacorta, has written: Any way you view it, Mexican civilization had its origin in Africa., Cleared of the surrounding earth, it [the colossal head] presented an awe-inspiring spectacle. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Our focus here, however, is on the Negroid skulls and skeletons that have been discovered at ancient and medieval New World sites. - Volume 28 Issue 3 $.' The first one is between 800 and 700 BC, during the 25th dynasty of the Egyptian Pharaonic civilization. Further Reading "African American History in the American West." Chief among them was the American Olmec specialist Matthew Stirling. As Columbus Day (October 12) approaches and as we celebrate the 40, Ever since Christopher Columbus first suggested that Black Africans preceded him to the New World, a number of scholars have investigated this contention. In Egypt there are numerous sculptures depicting four figurines symbolically holding up the sky. . His research also discussed the early African . In fact, in 445 BC, the Greek historian Herodotus wrote of the Ancient Egyptian pharaohs great seafaring and navigational skills. The first of these paintings by the Yuan court artist Liu Guandao in 1280,. In 1991 Dr. Van Sertima defended his highly controversial thesis on the African presence in pre-Columbian America before the Smithsonian. Olmecs are perhaps best known for the carved colossal heads found in Central Mexico, that exhibit an unmistakably African Negroid appearance. 4 0 obj AFRICAN AND AFRICAN AMERICAN MUSLIM PRESENC1, the early stages of development in both England and Colonial America, citizens were responsible for law Examine the English roots of American policing. Three early popes were African. The great ancient civilizations of Egypt and West Africa traveled to the Americas, contributing immensely to early American civilization by importing the art of pyramid building, political systems and religious practices as well as mathematics, writing and a sophisticated calendar. MAA MAAT CENTRE. 1940 excavation of a thousand-year-old Olmec site near Veracruz. Readers should also consider the following 10 books that filled in this or that piece of the African jigsaw: Charles S. Finch, The Star of Deep Beginnings, US, Khenti, 1998. Ancient sea-going vessel used by the Egyptians and Nubians in ancient times. Van Sertima, Evidence For An African Presence in Pre-Columbian America, op. He furthermore cites a document of Francisco Nunez Vega (1691), who describes an ancient calendar found in Chiapas that mentions seven negritos representing the seven planets.9. Nearly a dozen other European explorers also found Black people in the Americas when they reached the Western Hemisphere. German toxicologist, Svetla Balabanova, reported findings of cocaine and nicotine in ancient Egyptian mummies. endstream %PDF-1.5 The unknown element is to the extent of population coverage, acculturation, architecture, and intercontinental travel. stream One of the worlds most renowned craniologists, Polish professor Andrzej Wiercinski, revealed to the 41, In this same vein, historian Frederick Peterson has written that [w]e can trace the progress of man in Mexico without noting any definite Old World influence during this period (1000-650 B.C.) 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