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Explosive activity of the last 1000 years at La Soufrire, St Vincent, Lesser Antilles. These events have a fairly constant frequency of 2.5 Hz and are propagated outward from the crater at a surface velocity of 2-3 km/s. The eastern edge of the gas plume reached about 4,700 km to the W coast of Africa by 12 April, and another 2,000 km inland to Mali and Niger on 13 April. The next evening, the NASA aircraft's lidar detected significant quantities of ejecta in the stratosphere, in patches 0.5-3 km thick with a base altitude of about 18.7 km. La Soufrire, a stratovolcano on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, began an effusive eruption on 27 December 2020. According to a news article, residents of the island of St.Vincent reported smelling sulfur in towns as far S as Kingstown. Its deposit at the coast was 1.5 m thick, ~300 m wide, and contained scoria blocks up to 60 cm in diameter. This is the first time the volcano has erupted since 1979. Table 4. Confirmed Eruption, 1600 BCE 75 years This report reviews information through February 2021 using bulletins from the University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC), the National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO), and various satellite data. This showed that the dome had expanded to 640 m (2,130 ft) in N-S diameter at water level and 590 m (1,970 ft) from E to W. This represents an increase in both horizontal dimensions at water level by 50 m in the last 17 days. NEMO reminded the public to avoid the volcano and that descending into the crater remained extremely dangerous. A diffuse steam plume rose from the crater on 24 April. of Hawai'i, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA (URL: http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/); NASA Global Sulfur Dioxide Monitoring Page, Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), 8800 Greenbelt Road, Goddard, Maryland, USA (URL: https://so2.gsfc.nasa.gov/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/); Sentinel Hub Playground (URL: https://www.sentinel-hub.com/explore/sentinel-playground); Jenni Barclay, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK (URL: https://research-portal.uea.ac.uk/en/persons/jenni-barclay); Ian Renfrew, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK (URL: https://research-portal.uea.ac.uk/en/persons/ian-renfrew). The mean diameter of the lava extrusion increased by only 1.5 m between 2 and 25 October, to 870 m, and the maximum height remained ~130 m. Vigorous steaming from the lava was continuing in late October, but the number of small local earthquakes recorded by the summit seismograph had declined markedly since early October. Observations made at the crater [are included in Table 5]. Operator: madinina.webcam Webcam Tartane, Martinique - 63.5 miles from Soufriere: La Caravelle Operator: madinina.webcam All available evidence indicates that the eruption will neither end nor become violent in the early future. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included. Lava extrusion at Soufrire continued through July. An episode of tremor began at 2100 and lasted 40 minutes, and was possibly associated with a minor increase in venting. Early on the morning of April 9, the volcano started emitting a tall grey-tan plume of volcanic ash into the air above the small island. Another survey of the island is planned and would probably be carried out within the next two weeks, in order to determine the rate of increase in area of the island. worked with Ms. Aisha Samuels, the head of the local volcano monitoring unit, to first investigate the report and later to quell fears that the volcano was doing anything unusual. The resulting ash plumes rose to 10.6-16 km altitude throughout the day. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). "[SRU] . The SO2 plume initially fanned out to the NE, E, and SE across the Atlantic Ocean. The average SO2 flux was 992 tons/day on 23 April, again recorded from the W coast. A hot avalanche from one of the earlier explosions traveled 2.5 km SE from the summit, down the Rabacca Valley, and the 17 April explosion produced numerous hot avalanches that moved down several valleys on the flanks of the cone. Table 5. Information Contacts: H. Sigurdsson, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. The observers noted that the small black-colored dome had grown on the WSW edge of the 1979 lava dome. Extensive damage to vegetation was noted along the W coast, extending from Larikai Bay to Turner Bay. Weather radar, wind and waves forecast for kiters, surfers, paragliders, pilots, sailors and anyone else. The Grantley Adams International Airport (GAIA) in Barbados also closed. Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the, EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. 11/1971 (CSLP 92-71) Eruption causes growth of island in crater lake, 12/1971 (CSLP 92-71) Dome growth continues; lava compositions, 01/1972 (CSLP 92-71) Island now 145 feet above water level; lake temperature drops, 02/1972 (CSLP 92-71) Island growth continues; historical comparisons, 03/1972 (CSLP 92-71) Dome survey shows expansion; growth rate slows in March, 04/1972 (CSLP 92-71) Lava island stopped growth on 20 March; eruption over, 05/1972 (CSLP 92-71) Water temperature and level decrease, 06/1972 (CSLP 92-71) Water temperatures and level stabilize, 04/1979 (SEAN 04:04) Major explosive eruption; 17,000 evacuated, 05/1979 (SEAN 04:05) Explosions and seismicity end; new lava dome in summit crater, 06/1979 (SEAN 04:06) Aseismic lava extrusion persists; heavy rains generate large secondary mudflows, 07/1979 (SEAN 04:07) Lava extrusion continues, 08/1979 (SEAN 04:08) Lava extrusion slows, 09/1979 (SEAN 04:09) Lava extrusion continues, 10/1979 (SEAN 04:10) Lava extrusion virtually stopped, 11/1979 (SEAN 04:11) Lava extrusion stopped, 03/2005 (BGVN 30:03) Anomalous winds spread sulfurous odors, causing unwarranted fears, 03/2021 (BGVN 46:03) New lava dome on the SW edge of the main crater in December 2020, 05/2021 (BGVN 46:05) Intermittent explosions, ash plumes, seismicity, and a growing lava dome during March-April 2021, Eruption causes growth of island in crater lake, Card 1313 (08 November 1971) Steam and sulfurous smells from crater lake, "Disturbed conditions" have been noted from the air in the crater of . Almost constant swarms of long-period and hybrid events were recorded through the day, punctuated by three brief episodes (less than 30 minutes) of low-level tremor. Explosivity or notable ash venting coincided with the episodes. The rate of LP and hybrid events dropped significantly at 2000. A persistent thermal anomaly had been identified in satellite data over the previous couple of days, which is what prompted the NEMO field visit. Information Contacts: Haraldur Sigurdsson and J.P. Shepherd, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. The crater itself lies on the SW margin of a larger 2.2-km-wide caldera, which is breached widely to the SW as a result of slope failure. As of 2004, the monitoring network had consisted of five seismic stations, eight GPS stations, and several dry tilt sites. Photos showed people in Sandy Bay shoveling off ash from rooftops on 4 May. The fact that many of these populated islands are dominated by volcanoes means they can be especially perilous when these volcanoes rumble back to life. MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity) analysis of MODIS satellite data detected a single thermal anomaly during mid-March 2021, followed by a brief break in activity (figure 34). Summary of depth and temperature measurements in the Soufriere St. Vincent crater lake, 21 December 1971. It is evident from the data of the past three weeks that activity in the Soufriere crater is very slight. Multiple lahars continued to be recorded by the seismic network within all drainages during 28-30 April due to heavy rainfall (figure 32). These tremors are of shallow depths, very low magnitude and can only be detected by the summit station. There is data available for 3 deformation periods. Scientists visited on 16 January and recorded temperatures of 590C at the dome surface (figure 12). Basse-Terre - La Grande Soufrire volcano, Guadeloupe - Webcams North America Guadeloupe Basse-Terre - La Grande Soufrire volcano Webcams nearby Basse-Terre - La Grande Soufrire. It also involved two days of measurements on the summit of the volcano during which scientists were in very close proximity to the vent from which future eruptions will [likely] originate. Mean values for all available wet chemical analyses of Soufrire St. Vincent rocks, summarized from UWI Seismic Research Special Publication No. The Dust Veil Index for the 1902 eruption of Soufrire was calculated at 300; the Krakatau 1883 eruption = 1,000. Card 1366 (20 March 1972) J.B. Shepherd, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. Explosions early on 11 April were followed by widespread power and water outages on the island, as reported by NEMO, and some houses had collapsed due to significant ashfall (figure 24). Play. On 23 April the sulfur dioxide flux was 992 tons per day, recorded again from the W coast. Growth of the 2020/21 lava dome produced small, hot rockfalls and gas-and-steam emissions that were visible from the Belmont Observatory. The Soufrire has now been in eruption for over four months and has comfortably exceeded this initial period of high uncertainty. . Box 1517, Castries, Saint Lucia, West Indies (URL: http://nemo.gov.lc/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/); Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) - MODVOLC Thermal Alerts System, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), Univ. The ash plume from La Soufriere on St. Vincent on April 9, 2021. Sources: University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC), National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO), Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Intermittent explosions, ash plumes, seismicity, and a growing lava dome during March-April 2021. Newsletter. Information Contacts: Card 1350 (03 February 1972) John F. Tomblin, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility. La Soufrire is one of the most active volcanoes in the Lesser Antilles and has a long history of eruptions with the historical records showing eruptions in 1718, 1812, 1814, 1902-1903, 1971-72 and 1979. A single rockfall event was detected at 0139, possibly due to the growing lava dome, though there was no visual confirmation. An explosion at 0615 on 16 April generated an ash plume that rose about 8 km (26,200 ft) a.s.l. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided. Seismicity began to increase in early November through 23 December 2020, which included 126 earthquakes described as volcano-tectonic events and rockfall signals that were captured on one reliable seismic station (SVB) located 9 km from the volcano. A team of volcanologists and seismologists from the Seismic Research Unit arrived on St. Vincent 13 April, and were later joined by researchers from several other institutions. Observations on 14 January showed that the dome was growing taller and expanding to the E and W. An overflight on 15 January showed extensive vegetation damage on the E, S, and W inner crater walls; damage previously noted on the upper SW crater rim had expanded downslope (figure 11). Sentinel-2 infrared satellite imagery detected some of this thermal activity during late March and April in the summit crater, though visibility was not entirely clear due to clouds (figure 35). . The distance from the S shore of the crater lake to the island is approximately 12 m. Table 2. As of 2004, the monitoring network had consisted of five seismic stations, eight GPS stations, and several dry tilt sites. The dome summit was 295 ft. above current lake level on 27 February. University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) and National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) reported that the lava dome in Soufrire St. Vincents main crater continued to slowly grow during 17-23 March, expanding to the N and S. A team visited the dome on 19 and 23 March to make observations, take measurements, and maintain monitoring equipment. Such reports are common for St. Vincent and the entire region. 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