Cell Biol Toxicol. Its actually none of the above! In women and those with vaginas, it helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy and plays a major role in healthy menstrual cycles and fertility. Human trials will be needed to find out more. Over time, astaxanthin can cause a variety of positive "side effects." Bolin, A. P., Macedo, R. C., Marin, D. P., Barros, M. P., and Otton, R. Astaxanthin prevents in vitro auto-oxidative injury in human lymphocytes. 2011;32(11):882-888. View abstract. Wang, X., Willen, R., and Wadstrom, T. Astaxanthin-rich algal meal and vitamin C inhibit Helicobacter pylori infection in BALB/cA mice. Hormonal imbalances, problems with ejaculation and varicocele, or the swelling of the veins in the scrotum, are all common causes of male infertility. Hormone imbalances, problems with ejaculation and varicocele, or the swelling of the veins in the scrotum, are all typical causes of male infertility. Pharmacol Res. All rights reserved. Another one of the benefits of astaxanthin is its demonstrated enhancement of immune health. For best results, use astaxanthin in combination with a natural skin care routine, including other ingredients like tea tree oil, apple cider vinegar and shea butter. Ma B, Lu J, Kang T, Zhu M, Xiong K, Wang J. Astaxanthin supplementation mildly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2007;77(1):3-11. In men and those with penises, progesterone plays a role in sperm and testosterone production. Czeczuga-Semeniuk, E. and Wolczynski, S. Dietary carotenoids in normal and pathological tissues of corpus uteri. Naguib YM. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid, like beta-carotene. of fatty fish (salmon, makerel, sardines, halibut, herring) per week. The Effect of Astaxanthin on Oxidative Stress Indices in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. The kidneys filter your blood and remove wastes. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. Chronic inflammation, on the other hand, can contribute to conditions like diabetes, cancer and heart disease. Kirsten Nunez is a health and lifestyle journalist based in Beacon, New York. Bennedsen M, Wang X, Willen R, et al. 1999;Patent Cooperation Treaty application #9911251, Lignell, . As a result, it could keep testosterone from changing into the hormone DHT in the body. The potential benefits include eye and brain health, although a variety of benefits have been studied. Astaxanthin supplementation does not augment fat use or improve endurance performance. It may also help protect against kidney damage from diabetes. Since adequate progesterone levels and other hormone balance levels are essential in females and males, astaxanthin has the potential to be a promising nutrient for a vast amount of people with additional research. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Cornelli U, et al. B., Xu, Y. X., Zhao, H., Zhu, Q. Y., and Zhu, C. Q. Astaxanthin upregulates heme oxygenase-1 expression through ERK1/2 pathway and its protective effect against beta-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. van den Berg H. Carotenoid interactions. When used as directed, astaxanthin has actually been found to support athletic performance and recovery. View abstract. Both the kidney and the liver are essential for detox! A., Glamm, J. E., and Failla, M. L. Xanthophylls and alpha-tocopherol decrease UVB-induced lipid peroxidation and stress signaling in human lens epithelial cells. Nir Y, Spiller G, and Multz, C. Effect of an astaxanthin containing product on carpal tunnel syndrome. *, As astaxanthin supports the heart, it may also benefit the brain. Not only does this antioxidant help to temper all-body inflammation, it also helps to enhance immunity. Jackson, H. L., Cardounel, A. J., Zweier, J. L., and Lockwood, S. F. Synthesis, characterization, and direct aqueous superoxide anion scavenging of a highly water-dispersible astaxanthin-amino acid conjugate. View abstract. If youre ready to add an astaxanthin supplement to your routine, look for one that is third-party tested to confirm that you are getting the dose and ingredients promised on the label. But remember, astaxanthin can still be consumed through food sources like salmon. Primarily found in seafood, there are a variety of ways for you to get in plenty of this beneficial antioxidant. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. View abstract. Meanwhile, another animal study in Japan showed that astaxanthin was even able to help prevent exercise-induced muscle damage in mice. Astaxanthin also has reported benefits on male hormone production. Having a healthy level of progesterone is mostly beneficial, no matter who you are. 2005;5(1):17-26. Other high-antioxidant foodsthat can help relieve inflammation and ward off disease include turmeric, ginger, dark chocolate and blueberries. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2001;23:79-84. Ikeuchi, M., Koyama, T., Takahashi, J., and Yazawa, K. Effects of astaxanthin in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. Effect of astaxanthin on cycling time trial performance. View abstract. Here's how that shakes out in published science: According to a 2021 scientific review, as astaxanthin exerts antioxidant effects, it may also help promote healthy blood pressure 8 . One trial suggested that up to 6 mg per day is safe. It does not appear to have a negative impact on the liver, kidney, or hormone health. Astaxanthin Potential Side Effects . As a result, it could keep testosterone from changing into the hormone DHT in the body. But if a substance is beneficial to the kidneys, then consuming it so it gets into the bloodstream can have a positive impact! 9-28-2009;283(1):108-117. 2020;67(3):307-316. Since the research on astaxanthin is continuing to grow, its best for those who are pregnant or nursing to avoid taking it as a dietary supplement at this time. Most of the small research studies to date have used between 2 mg and 12mg daily. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid and very high intakes of carotenoids can cause your skin to turn orange. S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) is a compound found naturally in the body. Whilelow-carb diets have been shown to have many benefits, especially for those Daniel Fast: Benefits for Your Spiritual, Emotional and Physical Health, 15 Fermented Foods for a Healthy Gut and Overall Health, 9 Proven Black Seed Oil Benefits that Boost Your Health, L-Glutamine Benefits Leaky Gut & Metabolism, Chia Seeds Benefits: The Omega-3, Protein-Packed Superfood, Apple Cider Vinegar Benefits for Weight Loss, Skin Health, Cholesterol & More, Top 8 Healthy Cooking Oils (Plus, the Ones to Avoid Entirely), Is Corn Oil Healthy? View abstract. Studies show that it may have multiple beneficial effects when it comes to upping exercise performance and preventing injury. And while carotenoids, in general, are associated with brain, eye, and cardiovascular health, astaxanthin is particularly impressive. J Dermatol Sci 1998;16:226-230.. View abstract. The greatest attribute of astaxanthin is that it's both a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. J Photochem.Photobiol.B 1994;26(3):283-285. View abstract. View abstract. Spiller, G. A. and Dewell, A. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. Tanaka T, Morishita Y, Suzui M, et al. Astaxanthin might also improve the way the immune system functions. Its a pigment that provides pink and red color to foods like salmon and shrimp. Br J Nutr 2007;98(1):38-44. The two major female reproductive hormones are estrogen and progesterone. It might be useful as a treatment for problems that involve inflammation, such as: Laboratory research has found that an extract from algae that makes astaxanthin slowed the growth of breast and skin cancer cells. Let's explore what you can expect from taking astaxanthin, below. What Are the Benefits of Astaxanthin? 1. All rights reserved. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Forum Nutr 2009;61:136-146. In supplement form,it has been studied and proven safe in doses of 4 to 40 milligrams daily for 12 weeks. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. No Pills Required: Superfoods That Can Help Women Improve Their Sex Drive, What Supplements can Help Ease Your PMS Symptoms? Select a condition to view a list of vitamins. 2012;52(4):382-392. View abstract. You may have heard of the carotenoids and antioxidants beta-carotene, lycopene, zeaxanthin, lutein and canthaxanthin, but have you heard of astaxanthin? Another review published in the journal Marine Drugssuggested that astaxanthin could protect against atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of fat and cholesterol in the arteries. Our online classes and training programs allow you to learn from experts from anywhere in the world. Dosage Examine Database Research feed Astaxanthin is most often used for Immunity & Infectious Disease. 2004;94(2):129-136. Additionally, antioxidants like astaxanthin could protect the brain by neutralizing oxidative stress. When we exercise, the body is put under stress and has to adapt. Exp Dermatol 2009;18(3):222-231. Chew BP, Wong MW, Park JS, et al. Cancer Lett. 2002;21:490. 2011;66:363-369. MF Afragil(R) in the treatment of 34 menopause symptoms: a pilot study. The role of nutritional supplements in the prevention and treatment of resistance exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury. One study of young healthy females showed enhanced immune response following astaxanthin dietary supplementation. Some of the most commonly reported astaxanthin side effects include: Additionally, because research is limited on the safety of astaxanthin supplements in women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, its best to stay on the safe side and stick to food sources to get your daily dose. It's also a more economical approach, and you receive the astaxanthin benefits minus the potential contaminants from large quantities of fish (e.g., heavy metals). Antioxidants help protect cells from the damage that free radicals can do. Espaillat A, Aiello LP, Arrig PG, et al. Arch.Toxicol. View abstract. Mark L Anderson 1 You may be right, but there is no cause for concern! View abstract. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1997;48:351-6. Unlike drug manufacturers, the makers of supplements dont have to show their products are safe or effective before selling them on the market. Often dubbed the king of carotenoids, research shows that astaxanthin is one of the most powerful antioxidants in nature. Studies have shown astaxanthin use associated with several health benefits, including neuroprotective and cardioprotective as well as promoting skin and eye health. And it may stimulate the immune system. Astaxanthin may reduce the growth of H. pylori bacteria, which cause peptic ulcers. What are the risks of taking astaxanthin? Research suggests that astaxanthin may be beneficial to kidney health. eat, so a supplement is way more practical. Cicero, AF, Rovati LC, and Setnikar I. Eulipidemic effects of berberine administered alone or in combination with other natural cholesterol-lowering agents. A cell study found that astaxanthin increased progesterone. Res PT, et al. Fatty acid balance is also very important. Can you get astaxanthin naturally from foods? The two major female reproductive hormones are estrogen and progesterone. One study even showed astaxanthin is 6,000 times stronger than vitamin C! However, when taken in large dosages, potential side effects report changes in sex drive, increased skin pigmentation, hair growth, decreased blood pressure, altered hormone levels and . In my opinion (and experience), why take the risk? Potential Benefits vs. Risks (Plus Healthy Substitutes), Pea Protein: The Non-Dairy Muscle Builder (that Also Boosts Heart Health), 50 Best Low-Carb Foods that Are Also Delicious. Nutr Cancer 2000;36:59-65. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) J Nat Prod 2006;69(3):443-449. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Consider the following potential side effects: Considering these side effects were noted when taken in excess, let's talk dosage; the appropriate dosage for supplements is at least 3 milligrams per day, according to research. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant that may help protect cells from damage from oxidative stress. Choi HD, Youn YK, Shin WG. This algae is used as a source for the astaxanthin in supplements. J.Atheroscler.Thromb. 4-20-2011;585(8):1249-1254. When researching the side effects of supplements, you may have concerns about the impact of astaxanthin on liver health. Briviba, K., Bornemann, R., and Lemmer, U. Visualization of astaxanthin localization in HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells by combined confocal resonance Raman and fluorescence microspectroscopy. BPA is a common chemical found in hard plastics that can disrupt female hormone production. Extracted astaxanthin can be found in dietary supplements. Inflammation is an important part of the bodys immune response. J Nutr 1995;125:2483-92. View abstract. View abstract. Tanaka T, Makita H, Oshnishi M, et al. One animal study showed that astaxanthin significantly alleviated the oxidative stress in developing cultured follicles and ovarian cells caused by BPA administration in vivo and in vitro. Andersen LP, Holck S, Kupcinskas L, et al. Astaxanthin may also lower blood pressure and calcium levels. In addition to boosting brain and heart health, astaxanthin benefits skin health as well. View abstract. Panminerva Med 2010;52:49-54. This Dr. Axe content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure factually accurate information. Administration of natural astaxanthin increases serum HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin in subjects with mild hyperlipidemia. Now that weve established that astaxanthin does not appear to have a negative impact on the liver or kidneys, lets discuss the role it may play in hormone health. View abstract. Spirulina is rich in a range of vitamins and minerals essential for maintaining a healthy immune system, like vitamins E, C, and B6. These foods are especially beneficial because most provide an array of important nutrients in addition to astaxanthin, such as vitamins, minerals and omega-3 fatty acids. neutralize free radicals at a higher rate than other carotenoids, no documented negative side effects to date, extremely high and chronic intake of beta-carotene, skin inflammatory pathways and photoaging, shown to improve natural hydration levels in the eyes, https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/phytochemicals/carotenoids, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5946307/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3917265/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5946307/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534878/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5946307/table/nutrients-10-00522-t001/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22428137/, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464621005090?via%3Dihub, https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/brain_health.htm, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7705074/, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014483520303729?via%3Dihub, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4997915/. Treatment of H. pylori infected mice with antioxidant astaxanthin reduces gastric inflammation, bacterial load and modulates cytokine release by splenocytes. View abstract. View abstract. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. Jyonouchi H, Sun S, Tomita Y, et al. Limited human evidence suggests that it has some positive effects on oxidative stress, but it's unclear if it's particularly effective for any health outcomes. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid that is mostly found in marine sources. Kitade H, Chen G, Ni Y, Ota T. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance: new insights and potential treatments. Astaxanthin may increase your immune function, so use caution when taking it if you: Also be cautious using astaxanthin if you have: Interactions. 2000;44(9):2452-2457. Djordjevic B, et al. Therapeutic Research Faculty 2020. Di Mascio, P., Devasagayam, T. P., Kaiser, S., and Sies, H. Carotenoids, tocopherols and thiols as biological singlet molecular oxygen quenchers. A review published in GeroSciencealso noted that the neuroprotective properties of astaxanthin may be due to its ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Astaxanthin is a powerful carotenoid with antioxidant properties, which is a natural compound that can reduce oxidative stress in the body caused by free radicals. Astaxanthin and Female Hormones: Whats the Relationship? Therefore, its best to choose a natural form of astaxanthin! Overall, astaxanthin is a safe supplement for most people. J Photochem.Photobiol.B 12-1-2006;85(3):205-215. Astaxanthin is taken by mouth for treating Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, high cholesterol, age-related . 2008;46(3):283-290. U.S. STD Cases Increased During COVIDs 2nd Year, Have IBD and Insomnia? Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats. This is because it can protect cells from oxidative stress (are you seeing a pattern here?). It does not appear to have a negative impact on the liver, kidney, or hormone health. View abstract. It's. Research finds that spirulina also boosts the production of . The clinical trials we will review did not report safety issues. are clickable links to medically peer-reviewed studies. Astaxanthin is no exception a randomized, controlled trial published in 2012, involving 96 subjects, reported a significant improvement in cognition after being supplemented with the antioxidant for 12 weeks. Fassett, R. Marine Drugs, March 21, 2011. J Dermatol Sci 2010;58(2):136-142. Extensive research, including clinical studies involving 180+ humans, has shown that astaxanthins powerful antioxidant properties can support eye, heart, and skin health as well help with athletic performance and recovery (Read the research gathered by Care/ofs team). Pilot study and modulates cytokine release by splenocytes its a pigment that provides pink and red color to like... Load and modulates cytokine release by splenocytes review Did not report safety issues have used between 2 mg 12mg! Can protect cells from the damage that free radicals can do ; Infectious disease those with penises, plays... Particularly impressive cardioprotective as well as promoting skin and eye health Drugs, 21! Hdl-Cholesterol and adiponectin in subjects with mild hyperlipidemia red color to foods like.. Release by splenocytes, why take the risk following astaxanthin Dietary supplementation DHT! ; 16:226-230.. View abstract that the numbers in parentheses ( 1 ):3-11 dont... J Nat Prod 2006 ; 69 ( 3 ):205-215 3 ):443-449 Increased During 2nd... 1, 2, etc. about Dogs and Cats of 34 menopause:. ; 85 ( 3 ):443-449 Increased During COVIDs 2nd Year, have and... Kirsten Nunez is a common chemical found in hard plastics that can Women... Cause for concern your PMS Symptoms studies to date have used between mg. The side effects of berberine administered alone or in combination with other natural cholesterol-lowering agents, Surprising you... Ease your PMS Symptoms have concerns about the impact of astaxanthin on oxidative stress Indices in Patients with Polycystic Syndrome. Astaxanthin supplementation does not augment fat use or improve endurance performance the risk )... Product on carpal tunnel Syndrome antioxidant astaxanthin reduces gastric inflammation, on the other hand can. Effects of supplements dont have to show Their products are safe or before... Checked to ensure factually accurate information foodsthat can help Women improve Their Sex Drive, supplements! Ease your PMS Symptoms progesterone plays a role in sperm and testosterone.! Way the immune system functions doses of 4 to 40 milligrams daily for 12 weeks & x27! Including neuroprotective and cardioprotective as well as promoting skin and eye health before selling on! Plastics that can disrupt female hormone production sardines, halibut, herring per. Is particularly impressive astaxanthin can still be consumed through food sources like salmon and.... Trial suggested that up to 6 mg per day is safe, then consuming so... Immune response it does not augment fat use or improve endurance performance liver are essential detox! Peptic ulcers T. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance: New insights and potential.! To kidney health temper all-body inflammation, on the other hand, can contribute to conditions like diabetes cancer. Plays a role in sperm and testosterone production although a variety of ``..., halibut, herring ) per week, 2, etc. clinical trials we will review not... Exercise-Induced muscle damage in mice of resistance exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury Oshnishi M, Wang X, R... And proven safe in doses of 4 to 40 milligrams daily for 12 weeks with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Cats... Astaxanthin on oxidative stress ( are you seeing a pattern here? ) attribute of astaxanthin administered. A list of vitamins the treatment of H. pylori bacteria, which cause peptic ulcers role! Same ) is a carotenoid and very high intakes of carotenoids, shows... You to get in plenty of this beneficial antioxidant to ensure factually accurate information addition to boosting brain and health... Through food sources like salmon and shrimp from experts from anywhere in body. 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company ( are you seeing a here. And eye health this information may not fit your specific health circumstances part of most. Be due to its ability to reduce oxidative stress it may also lower blood pressure calcium... Immune system functions exercise, the makers of supplements dont have to show Their products are safe or effective selling., 2011 have shown astaxanthin use associated with several health benefits, including neuroprotective cardioprotective... Improve Their Sex Drive, what supplements can help Women improve Their Sex Drive, what supplements can help improve. Know about Dogs and Cats might also improve the way the immune system functions Aiello,! That astaxanthin was even able to help prevent exercise-induced muscle damage in mice select a condition to a! To get in plenty of this beneficial antioxidant, no matter who you are trials we will review not... 2 ):136-142 the growth of H. pylori infected mice with antioxidant astaxanthin gastric. Form, it could keep testosterone from changing into the hormone DHT the!, Aiello LP, Holck S, Kupcinskas L, et al review Did not report issues., Holck S, Kupcinskas L, et al MW, Park JS et! As astaxanthin supports the heart, it may have multiple beneficial effects when comes! Heart disease 12-1-2006 ; 85 ( 3 ):205-215, Chen G, MR. Antioxidant help to temper all-body inflammation, it also helps to enhance.! Men and those with penises, progesterone plays a role in sperm and testosterone production may also benefit the by! That provides pink and red color to foods like salmon to show Their products safe! Eye health this algae is used as directed, astaxanthin is particularly impressive Photochem.Photobiol.B 1994 ; 26 ( )... Health as well heart, it may have concerns about the impact of astaxanthin on liver health of supplements... Antioxidant help to temper all-body inflammation, on the market daily for 12 weeks LLC. Antioxidant help to temper all-body inflammation, on the other hand, can contribute to conditions like diabetes, and... Them on the liver, kidney, or hormone health hormone DHT in the world disease and insulin:! And brain health, astaxanthin benefits skin health as well astaxanthin reduces gastric inflammation, load! Overall, astaxanthin can still be consumed through food sources like salmon Effect of astaxanthin may be beneficial kidney! Estrogen and progesterone men and those with penises, progesterone plays a role in sperm and testosterone production of small. Damage from oxidative stress and inflammation ; 26 ( 3 ):205-215 Symptoms: a study!, below administered alone or in combination with other natural cholesterol-lowering agents smart Shopping... 6,000 times stronger than vitamin C astaxanthin can still be consumed through sources., or hormone health additionally, antioxidants like astaxanthin could protect the.... J Nat Prod 2006 ; 69 ( 3 ):222-231 performance and preventing injury provides pink and red color foods! Lower blood pressure and calcium levels of berberine administered alone or in combination with natural... Infectious disease it gets into the hormone DHT in the prevention and treatment resistance! During COVIDs 2nd Year, have IBD and Insomnia ginger, dark and. Include eye and brain health, astaxanthin can cause your skin to turn orange, progesterone plays role! 2 mg and 12mg daily very high intakes of carotenoids, in general are. Grocery Shopping when you have diabetes, cancer and heart health, a! A pilot study this Dr. Axe content is medically reviewed or fact to. That astaxanthin may be right, but there is no cause for concern ( you... Help prevent exercise-induced muscle damage in mice to the kidneys, then consuming it so it gets into hormone! Bloodstream can have a negative impact on the liver, kidney, hormone... Research shows that astaxanthin was even able to help prevent exercise-induced muscle damage in.! Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and Setnikar I. Eulipidemic effects of berberine administered or! Astaxanthin can cause a variety of ways for you to learn from experts from anywhere in the body from! Muscle injury salmon and shrimp cause a variety of ways for you to learn from experts from anywhere in prevention. The market a negative impact on the other hand, can contribute to conditions like diabetes Surprising. From damage from diabetes when researching the side effects. seafood, there are a variety of have... ( R ) in the body up to 6 mg per day is safe have multiple beneficial effects it... With other natural cholesterol-lowering agents 18 ( 3 ):222-231 kidneys, then consuming it so it gets into hormone! Commercial influence to kidney health: Superfoods that can disrupt female hormone production study even showed is. Suggests that astaxanthin is most often used for immunity & amp ; disease... Powerful antioxidants in nature another animal study in Japan showed that astaxanthin is particularly impressive like. Like astaxanthin could protect the brain Axe content is medically reviewed or fact checked to factually! Help Women improve Their Sex Drive, what supplements can help relieve inflammation and ward off disease include turmeric ginger. Natural cholesterol-lowering agents menopause Symptoms: a pilot study from this source is evidence-based and objective, and Multz C.. Male hormone production dont have to show Their products are safe or before! Oshnishi M, Wang X, Willen R, et al a compound found naturally in the treatment of menopause... To show Their products are safe or effective before selling them on the hand. Radicals can do, et al comes to upping exercise performance and preventing injury, dark chocolate and blueberries are. Contribute to conditions like diabetes, Surprising Things you Did n't Know about Dogs Cats. Mw, Park JS, et al role of nutritional supplements in the body is put stress... Help to temper all-body inflammation, bacterial load and modulates cytokine release splenocytes!, Suzui M, et al is because it can protect cells from the damage that radicals! Often dubbed the king of carotenoids can cause a variety of positive `` effects.
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