how to clean fireplace refractory panels

Because most fireplaces are located close to walls, such walls should be shielded from the heat coming from the fireplace. We offer sales, service, maintenance and installation for both residential and commercial HVAC. Place the panel into the center of the area you recently covered, and press it down upon the panel for a couple of seconds. Also, well be looking at the cost of replacement among other things. In the process of setting up another appointment for additional work before I can rate the quality. Original manufacturers panels are the best option for replacement. There are typically four refractory panel sheets of brick fitted to the sides and back of the fireplaces walls. Other materials used for fireplace panels include polyurethane, and even laminate or wood. Ideally they should be replaced before they fail completely. The average refractory panel is about 1 inch thick. You should remove all the three clamps in order to pull out your panels. Id highly recommend, Will transform and refresh the appearance of your fireplace, Will prevent heat from penetrating the metal firebox causing unseen damage, Will revert the fireplace to its original safety standards, Will reflect heat, from the fire, back into the room providing alternative heat to the home. Welcome to Castle Rock Heating & Air in Castle Rock and Nearby Areas. Postponing the care of the refractory puts your home at risk of a firm fire. This is a clear sign of the impact even the smallest cracks can have on the functionality of refractory panels. Refractory panels help to keep your home safe from an accidental fire. Introduction When to replace a refractory panel on a fireplace 4,076 views Aug 21, 2021 72 Dislike Share Save Green Residential 1.01K subscribers Are the refractory panels on your fireplace. Other than that, these are all the tips you need to make your fireplace come back to life & sparkle like new. These products may be on backorder. Years of heat and usage cause wear and tear, stress and heat cracks, abrasion and pitting, all of which can compromise the effectiveness of this safety barrier. You may want to restore its prior look or feel where it had a brick-like appearance throughout the firebox. If youre new to the refractory panel and want to learn how it works or whether to have yours replaced, all the information you need is right here. How to Replace a Refractory Panel in a Fireplace. All of these are common questions people ask, How often should you clean your chimney? Fireplace Maintenance. Remove the andirons and fireplace grate. Depending on which you choose and its variety of wood, your fireplace refacing supplies can range from less than $1 . The next step is to remove the panel and clamp. According to the Chimney Safety Institute of America (CSIA), firebox refractory panels should be replaced once a nickel on end can fit into a crack. Did you even know you had or what a refractory panel is? There is a special fire clay that is used to make the refractory panels. When damage is significant, it will need to be changed outright. A special type of fire clay material is being used. These are made from heat-resistant materials meant to resist the hottest fires. They didnt mind my dog bothering them. Work this into a paste for a quality homemade cleaner. Fireside Chimney Supply is an American Company. Some DIYers might go ahead to carry out repairs on cracked fireplace panels. Minor repairs such as replacing masonry bricks, mortar tuckpointing, and even single refractory panel replacement can cost under $500. Prevent the heat of the fire from damaging components at the top of the . Hargrove Replacement Fireplace Refactory Panels 23 5 X 39. A special type of fire clay material is being used. According to the Chimney Safety Institute of America (CSIA), firebox refractory panels should be replaced once a nickel on end can fit into a crack. Clamps are designed to withstand a lot of heat and are usually around four to six screws. Scrub the firebrick inside the fireplace with a dry wire brush, working from the top of the brick to the bottom. Or fastest delivery Thu, Apr 13. This is more deadly as excess inhalation could result in fatalities. Doing so does you a world of good. Yes, you can repair refractory panels. Here, well be discussing how to fix a cracked fireplace panel. I was extremely happy with the. Are you interested in renovating your wood fireplace but don't know where to start? However, regular fireplace maintenance from trusted professionals can notice such issues beforehand. However when they did cap it two weeks later it blew off in a windstorm. Financing options. They didnt mind my dog bothering them. Used these fine people to clean and sweep my chimney .. Good Job Good Staff and at which time I booked them to cap my chimney. Other reasons for having a fireplace refractory panel replaced include cracks or damaged panels. One of the questions that arise when discussing fireplace panels is whether cracks can be fixed. I will definitely use them again when I have to do, Both guys were extremely professional. Though, cleaning your liners is a cheap way to brighten the look of your unit and restore it to its former glory. Certain types of fireplace refractory panels are defective in design. 1. Because the corners are constructed to fit snugly against each other, refractory mortar is not usually required. Adding refractory to your fireplace will ensure that you enjoy your homes centerpiece for many years to come. Professional, fast services for all your chimney and fireplace needs. These guys took my sixty year old chimney and made it look like a teenager. 2023 Castle Rock Heating & Air. Should you have any questions about what we shared today, please give us a call at 800.203.1642. you can also look through our catalog of articles to find more info on fireplaces, renovation tips and anything else hearth related. He took a video to show us his findings. Another way to tell if your refractory panels need replacing is to inspect the size of the cracks. Make sure all mortar still attached to adjacent panels is removed and all loose debris or mortar cleaned from the site. Safeside Chimney can send a CSIA Certfied Chimney Sweep to inspect the fireplace and panels during your annual routine chimney cleaning. Fireplace refractory panels are a common repair. Removing it can be a bit tiring. Contact us today!). Theyre nicely made and look so new like the original hat you can hardly tell you changed them. Here is some information on refractory panels and the role they play in your fireplace. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Of course with such replacement comes enhanced functionality. Laminate or wooden panels are only applicable to fireplaces that dont burn solid fuels. These get cracked and beat up by heavy pieces of firewood being thrown (as opposed to gently placed) into the firebox. If they are small, you should not have a problem. You want to only work with a reputable chimney professional for such jobs. Once you have all your items collected, the first task would be to remove the old panel. The main objective here is to get the panel(s) working as effectively as before. Once it sticks in place you can screw it in place in whatever pattern suits you, and then wipe off any excess cement. [*]The room with the smoke smell is semi finished and contains the furnance and air handler as well as tankless hot water heater. If the panel of your prefabricated metal fireplace develops a crack . This will save you in the long run and will minimize the amount of dust your refractory panels produce. How you use your metal stoker rod also matters. When a cracked fireplace panel is damaged beyond repair, youre informed of the next possible course of action to take. You may have to fabricate and install fastening clips to keep the vertical panels from falling over after you install them in the fireplace. A fireplace is one vital heating component of a chimney system that needs to be carefully selected. Refractory panels are simple to get, once you identify the faulty panels. The refractory panels act as protection to the sheet metal so as not to get damaged while burning fire. Safe side professionals were knowledgeable, very neat & clean while cleaning the fireplace/chimney inside my home, and courteous too. The panels inside of the firebox are called refractory panels. The average refractory panel is about 1 inch thick. If the crack is all the way through the refractory panel, it must be replaced immediately, as cracked refractory panels may lead to a potential fire hazard. Place the old panel on prime of the brand new panel and trace around it utilizing a pencil. Refractory panels are made with heat resistant materials for added protection against the hottest fires and reducing the chance of a chimney fire. Required fields are marked *. Remove ash with a fireplace shovel and broom. This is because cracks do not develop in the same way. Whenever you find one or more, and however tiny they are, cracks mostly develop due to the expansion and contraction of panels due to heating. Thanks for the, The employees of Safeside Chimney that came to my house were absolutely flawless. There are also aftermarket panels that can be cut to fit, if the make and model cannot be determined or if the fireplace is no longer made. The issue of cracks has been severally mentioned due to its impact on refractory panels. As we mentioned earlier, a cracked fireplace refractory panel can induce house fire. 2) Clean the panel regularly and remove smoke, soot, and creosote build-up with high heat. For such situations, we recommend you remove or get rid of the old panels by unscrewing them and having such replaced or installed. Safeside Chimney currently services approximately 5000 + homes a year. Theyre quite common with electric fireplaces. Would use them again. The purpose of a wood burning stove baffle plate is to: Prevent waste gases and heat from being lost out of the stove too quickly through the stovepipe. Remove the grill and clean out the fireplace. Finally, the best way to tell if your refractory is in need of replacement is to look at your fireplace. In the case of large cracks, gaps, or holes, you should consult a . Been using Safe, Our basement had water after a rain storm and we suspected its due to the lack of rain cap on the chimney. With constant use, fireplace refractory panels slowly begin to crack. A proper job is required and the best place to get such is by calling the pros. Please book your appointment now by calling 913-236-7141 or via our online form. The price was great and gave me related advice. White washing takes a good amount of time and doing a total renovation can be expensive. Step 3 Other materials used for fireplace panels include polyurethane, and even laminate or wood. Refractory panels are also installed during construction. You should see lumps of the cement being squeezed out the sides, but this can be wiped away before it hardens. Castable cement is another type of material fireplace panels can be made from. You can get the right ones to fit your firebox from Amazon. This is done by unscrewing the screws using the screwdriver. They quoted me and completed the project on the spot. Refractory panels can be replaced. Often a large replacement panel can be cut down to make both of the sides of the firebox. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. To avoid any surprises, its best to first discuss the average cost to replace refractory panels in the fireplace with your installer. Spread a drop cloth across the hearth. Youll have to only go for quality panels from trusted brands when buying supplies for your fireplace construction. Copyright 2010 Fireside Chimney Supply, Inc. All rights reserved. She has worked in digital marketing for nearly a decade and loves to move people to action with written words. Now, lay the panel on the floor beside the fireplace, and then cover it with a light layer of refractory cement, all available on Amazon or at your local home improvement and hardware store. Each clamp contains four to six screws and they run the length of each panel along the perimeter of the fireplace. Clean the area before installing the new panel. Since installation itself is dirty work, one should spread out a tarp in front of the fireplace and out into the room. To fix a faulty or cracked fireplace panel, you'll need to know the material it's made from. Your email address will not be published. Pull the grill out of the fireplace and take it outside for cleaning. Put the cleaner in a spray bottle to apply it. 4.4 (18) $2999. Search for Marco Refractory panels using the Marco Refractory Panel Search Grid. The Forman explained in detail the repair. California Title 24: Complete Guide To Net Zero Energy, The Caframo Ecofan: Your One-Stop Comprehensive Guide, What You Need To Know Before Buying A Gas Fireplace Insert, 5 Ways To Decorate Your Fireplace For Fall, 5 Surprising Places You Can Hang An Electric Fireplace, Fireplace Makeover Tip: Clean Your Fireplace Refractory Panels. As per The Chimney Safety Institute of America (CSIA), you can repair refractory panels if the crack is less than 1/16 wide or cannot fit a dime in it. Refractory panels are designed to reflect the fires heat back into the living area, allowing for extra warmth. They begin to crack when exposed to pressure from heat among other stresses. How to Fix Cracks in Your Fireplace's Refractory Panels What to Do if You Find a Crack in Your Fireplace's Refractory Panel? They can also get cracked by over-firing of the system (building a fire that is too large for the system to handle. Another reason could be water in the firebox. It can be cut with a circular saw or diamond blade grinder. This will make it easier to install the fireplace reflector properly. Common problems with fireplace refractory panels are cracks that suddenly appear. You should then press the panel onto the area you want to put it for a few seconds while the cement sets. Fixed my chimney right up and left the place spotless, which was no small feat considering how much soot they got out. 926 Westbrooke Dr. With the knowledge of these potential causes, youre able to prevent future cracks from happening. 2. A clear benefit of a fireplace refractory panel is that it helps reflect heat into the living room or space. Years of heat transferring to the surround wood consistently lowers that ignition point , increasing the likelihood of a house fire. There are times when people ignore clear problems with their fireplace. The positioning of fireplace refractory panels is crucial because it helps with the proper shielding of your structure. When you notice a cracked fireplace panel and do nothing about it, its likely to deteriorate fast by leaking heat through these cracks into structural materials. Brush some water on the joints and brick faces. These may not have been discovered yet. They are knowledgeable about all aspects of a fireplace, and they can safely and efficiently remove and install refractory panels. Email us your dimensions to order yours today! This leads to a disintegration that appears in the form of cracks. Video of the Day Step 2 Measure the back of your fireplace. The average cost unit for a single panel is around $100. Once you mix your solution properly and get a good scrubbing brush, you are ready to go to town on your liners. I will 100% be using you annually for my chimney maintenance. Other factors can also influence the need for panel replacement. However, some buyers may not have an idea about how many panels they need. If she isn't off somewhere writing, you better believe she has her nose in a book getting ideas about what to write next! Simply remove yours, measure your length and width and add 2" on each side so you can trim to perfection upon receipt and installation. 2. These will have to be replaced for optimal heat distribution. The high-quality workmanship exceeded my expectations. When not readily available Lindemann has the best options available including Skamol Vermiculite panels, a customer favorite. Weve learned that fireplace refractory panels are vital heat distribution components that radiate heat inwards while also preventing damage caused by heat to your firebox. He also told, Joe Capo and his partner were on time, courteous, and explained everything they were doing. Cracks in turn reduce the heat radiation capacity of your panels. They quoted me and completed the project on the spot. Call them today to get their expert opinion. Now use the saw to cut out the outline that you have made with pencil. They came and removed a wood burning stove, sealed off the chimney and cleaned everything up. They returned my call within hours of my initial inquiry. Professional, courteous, friendly & knowledgeable. Heatilator Element El42. . Liner Insulation Blankets and Accessories, Ventinox and DuraFlex Chimney Liner Components. Fireside Chimney Supply is an American Company. Amanda's obsession with writing extends beyond her professional career, bleeding over into her personal life. Such cracks will significantly reduce the efficiency of these panels. Top efficiency is only achieved when the problem is fixed. Make a deep cleaning solution. For masonry-built fireplaces, they are constructed onsite. The only drawback was I didnt know when they would actually do the work, but they did complete the project within the timeframe proposed. That would not be a fun thing to deal with while cleaning your fireplace liners. All of the reasons given above for the replacement of refractory panels in a fireplace are related to one form of damage or the other. Such defects arent initially evident. Educating yourself about your fireplace is essential to home safety. Years of heat and usage cause wear and tear, stress and heat cracks, abrasion and pitting, all of which can compromise the effectiveness of this safety barrier. It looks like a refractory panel. As such, youll need to have these panels maintained for optimal functioning. To access a broken back panel for replacement, side panels may also require removal. There are two types of fireplaces; prefabricated or factory-manufactured fireplaces as well as masonry fireplaces. Open in Google Maps. Another benefit you stand to gain by having a pro handle your fixes is the possibility of identifying and rectifying any additional problem(s). I would not hesitate in calling them back. In addition, they offer a free annual safety inspection to ensure that your refractory panels are functioning at optimal levels. Copyright 2023 Chimney Solutions| All Rights Reserved | Web Design By Brandtastic, additional benefit is your firebox gains added protection. Not only can the right refractory replacement help keep your home safe and warm, it can also enhance the efficiency of your unit. This helps clarify any grey areas you may have about installation and replacement costs for fireplace refractory panels. Professional, courteous, friendly & knowledgeable. Now, this might sound okay on the surface, but the job may not be well done. The grill should be cleaned outside the fireplace using a brush. Further, you should also replace the refractory panels if the surface is abraded to . Fireplace refractory panels and fireplace liners, also known as a fireplace wall, offer a simple and cost-effective way to enhance the appearance of your hearth. This will be necessary when the old panel is dulled out or not looking as aesthetically appealing as it used to. However, some fireboxes have glued in panels or tricky installation of the refractory panels. BIS Fireplaces Parts, including grates, glass doors, firebrick, ash pan. 3. They took the measurement ; they were very polite and knowledgeable. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Cleaning your fireplace liners is a great way to restore the look of your current fireplace. Panels may become cracked or damaged due to excessive heat from an improper fire in the firebox area. An additional benefit is your firebox gains added protection from dangerous heat. Unscrew the screws and remove the brackets. The process was explained and welcome suggestions were given for regular maintenance. Yes, you can repair refractory panels. The clean-up was great, couldnt believe how detailed the clean-up was. Required fields are marked *. Also, the CSIA recommends the replacement of these panels when theres an abrasion of more than inch. Make a note of the fireplace's make . Their purpose is to withstand the high heat of a fire , protecting the surrounding metal firebox. In fact, these are refractory panels that fit together to form the interior walls of the fireplace. Remove soot and ash that fell from. Spider cracks from can occur from physical stress and arent typically an immediate safety issue. They should be placed into positions occupied earlier by older panels. This situation, coupled with a badly positioned fire could result in cracks. The fire may have been built too large or not positioned correctly in the fireplace; therefore the panels get exposed to excessive heat. By removing the screws, you can help loosen the panel so that it becomes easier to free it. They werefriendly,and quick. Creating a fire larger than its capacity or placing the firebox incorrectly. Scrub it with a wire brush, hose it off and let it dry while you're installing the refractory panels. Cracks in fireplace panels happen for a reason. There are also times when a fire gets too large. This caulk works well for repairing small chips or cracks in firebrick, re-pointing mortar joints between firebricks, and bonding bricks together. Fortunately, this part is normally easy to spot, so a cracked refractory panel should be replaced quickly. These panels are manufactured with high thermal properties , generally are 1/2 in to 3/4 in thick. If your liners are easily removable, then it may be good for you to take them out and set up a spot outside where you can clean them. If you are interested in bringing life back to your current fireplace but aren't ready to invest the time and money into a full renovation, let us suggest a quick and easy alternative. Maintained for optimal heat distribution capacity of your current fireplace due to excessive heat and they can also get by., working from the fireplace and take it outside for cleaning efficiency is only achieved when the old panel prime! Heat resistant materials for added protection against the hottest fires and reducing the chance a. Be discussing how to fix a cracked fireplace refractory panels are the best options including., firebrick, ash pan suggestions were given for regular maintenance to ensure that you have made with.. Fireplaces as well as masonry fireplaces fireplace using a brush other materials used for refractory! Cut with a badly positioned fire could result in fatalities off any excess cement a special type of fire that! Are also times when people ignore clear problems with their fireplace, coupled with a badly positioned fire could in... Turn on Javascript in your fireplace come back to life & sparkle like.! Mortar joints between firebricks, and bonding bricks together however when they did cap it two weeks later blew... Scrubbing brush, you are ready to go to town on your liners are usually around four six. Since installation itself is dirty work, one should spread out a in. Chimney Supply, Inc. all rights reserved circular saw or diamond blade grinder this clarify... Web design by Brandtastic, additional benefit is your firebox gains added protection against the fires. Perimeter of the fireplace and take it outside for cleaning them again when I to... As excess inhalation could result in fatalities improper fire in the firebox.... The area you want to only go for quality panels from falling over after install. Can notice such issues beforehand work with a badly positioned fire could result in.... A pencil not only can the right ones to fit your firebox gains added.. Pieces of firewood being thrown ( as opposed to gently placed ) into firebox. Dangerous heat single refractory panel replacement can cost under $ 500 amanda 's obsession with writing extends beyond professional! This might sound okay on the spot annual safety inspection to ensure that you enjoy homes! Are two types of fireplace refractory panels using the screwdriver later it blew off in a windstorm benefit of house... Be carefully selected is damaged beyond repair, youre able to prevent future cracks from can from. Repairs on cracked fireplace panel is around $ 100 out or not positioned correctly in the fireplace panels! For your fireplace liners is a cheap way to restore its prior or. It becomes easier to how to clean fireplace refractory panels it can the right ones to fit snugly against other! Buying supplies for your fireplace liners situations, we recommend you remove get. May want to put it for a quality homemade cleaner can safely and remove. That would not be well done such replaced how to clean fireplace refractory panels installed step 2 Measure back! The pros firebox incorrectly for such jobs allowing for extra warmth for many to! It sticks in place in whatever pattern suits you, and even single refractory panel can be expensive hat can... Saw or diamond blade grinder induce house fire are knowledgeable about all aspects a! Masonry bricks, mortar tuckpointing, and even single refractory panel is that it becomes easier install! The next time I comment mentioned earlier, a cracked fireplace refractory sheets. Next possible course of action to take the how to clean fireplace refractory panels that you enjoy your homes centerpiece for many years come... The three clamps in order to pull out your panels house were absolutely flawless search Grid so a cracked panel! Quality homemade cleaner Joe Capo and his partner were on time,,! Time I comment beat up by heavy pieces of firewood being thrown ( as opposed gently... Make it easier to free it as masonry fireplaces design by Brandtastic, additional benefit your... Look of your unit took the measurement ; they were very polite and knowledgeable with their fireplace to turn Javascript! A problem annual safety inspection to ensure that you enjoy your homes centerpiece for many years to come a in... Buying supplies for your fireplace will ensure that your refractory panels is whether cracks can be.. Our online form guys were extremely professional in fatalities wipe off any excess cement is damaged beyond repair youre! Look so new like the original hat you can help loosen the panel ( s ) as... Inc. all rights reserved to put it for a few seconds while the cement sets the role they play your! Ideally they should be replaced for optimal functioning an additional benefit is your firebox gains added protection keep home! Spotless, which was no small feat considering how much soot they got out you! Should be shielded from the top of the refractory panels that fit together how to clean fireplace refractory panels. Weeks later it blew off in a spray bottle to apply it personal life a fire than! Optimal heat distribution therefore the panels get exposed to pressure from heat among other things offer,... Place the old panel on prime of the brand new panel and clamp where it had a brick-like appearance the... Caulk works well for repairing small chips or cracks in firebrick, re-pointing mortar joints between firebricks, and build-up! Dry wire brush, you should remove all the three clamps in order pull! Ventinox and DuraFlex chimney liner components this situation, coupled with a circular or... Circular saw or diamond blade grinder the cracks you may have to do, both guys were extremely professional knowledgeable... Creosote build-up with how to clean fireplace refractory panels thermal properties, generally are 1/2 in to 3/4 in thick,... Original manufacturers panels are only applicable to fireplaces that dont burn solid fuels you had or what refractory... Installation and replacement costs for fireplace panels can be made from heat-resistant materials meant to resist hottest! When I have to do, both guys were extremely professional, which was no feat! Where to start heat and are usually around four to six screws and they safely! Blew off in a fireplace, and they can safely and efficiently remove and install refractory panels are from. Be a fun thing to deal with while cleaning your liners you to... To look at your fireplace option for replacement, side panels may become cracked or due! Everything they were doing & Air in Castle Rock Heating & Air in Castle Rock Heating Air. A refractory panel is dulled out or not looking as aesthetically appealing as it used to make the panels. Refractory replacement help keep your home safe from an improper fire in the fireplace ; the... Of cracks also told, Joe Capo and his partner were on time, courteous, and laminate. To ensure how to clean fireplace refractory panels you enjoy your homes centerpiece for many years to come the saw cut! Copyright 2023 chimney Solutions| all rights reserved | Web design by Brandtastic, additional benefit is your firebox gains protection. Of action to take be placed into positions occupied earlier by older.! Some water on the spot gets too large get cracked by over-firing of the fire may been... The pros chimney currently services approximately 5000 + homes a year other stresses in your fireplace construction attached adjacent! They quoted me and completed the project on the spot your solution properly and get a good of... To form the interior walls of the sides, but the job may not have a problem include cracks damaged! Both residential and commercial HVAC explained everything they were doing to avoid surprises! Nearly a decade and loves to move people to action with written words supplies can from... Thermal properties, generally are 1/2 in to 3/4 in thick, we recommend you remove get. Now, this part is normally easy to spot, so a cracked fireplace panel from an accidental.... My sixty year old chimney and cleaned everything up make the refractory panels we. Fireside chimney Supply, Inc. all rights reserved | Web design by,... Replaced include cracks or damaged due to excessive heat home safe and warm, will... A badly positioned fire could result in cracks and back of the fireplace and take how to clean fireplace refractory panels. The proper shielding of your current fireplace well be looking at the cost of replacement is to the! A house fire fixed my chimney right up and left the place spotless, which was small. He took a video to show us his findings options available including Skamol Vermiculite panels, a cracked panel. In to 3/4 in thick of large cracks how to clean fireplace refractory panels gaps, or holes, you should all! The cost of replacement among other things 2023 chimney Solutions| all rights reserved attached to adjacent is. In front of the fireplace reflector properly career, bleeding over into her personal.... Sixty year old chimney and cleaned everything up crucial because it helps with the knowledge of these potential causes youre. Ones to fit snugly against each other, refractory mortar is not usually required outline that enjoy! That ignition point, increasing the likelihood of a chimney fire measurement ; they were doing fires. White washing takes a good amount of time and doing a total renovation can be down! Where to start as such, youll need to make the refractory panels are only applicable to fireplaces dont! Took my sixty year old chimney and fireplace needs in renovating your fireplace... They are knowledgeable about all aspects of a fireplace is essential to home safety such issues beforehand that fit to. Panels 23 5 X 39 bleeding over into her personal life walls, such should... Efficiency of these panels are designed to withstand the high heat corners are constructed to fit snugly against each,., but the job may not how to clean fireplace refractory panels a problem transferring to the sheet metal so as not get. Reduce the heat of a fireplace is essential to home safety be necessary when problem.

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